摘要

在建筑物或基础设施生命周期的不同阶段中，设计阶段是确保建筑物或设施的安全、效率和可持续性的关键阶段之一。如何改善和提高设计质量和效率工程建设行业面临的长期挑战，随着建筑信息模型（BIM）技术的普及，新的方法和思路正不断产生。然而，既有研究大多关注如何提取设计行为，但缺乏对设计方案形成过程的关注和深入分析。因此，通过集成设计过程数据跟踪与4D可视化技术，本研究提出了一种BIM设计全过程的跟踪和回放方法。 首先，研究通过观察设计师如何设计BIM模型，以分析和提取潜在的设计行为及流程。同时，在此基础上明确了跟踪设计过程所需的数据，并基于BIM软件的API接口开发了相应数据的动态收集方法。从而，通过4D技术建立了可视化不同设计行为的可视化策略。最后，研究基于Autodesk Revit开发了原型系统，并通过案例进行了验证。结果表明，所提出的方法能够直观地、交互式地审查设计过程，并且更容易理解设计行为，甚至识别潜在的陷阱，从而提高设计效率和质量。

Among different phases of the life cycle of a building or facility, design is of the utmost importance to ensure safety, efficiency and sustainability of the building or facility. How to control and improve design quality and efficiency has been explored for years, and more studies emerged with the popularization of Building Information Modelling (BIM). However, most of them focused on the extraction of design behaviors, while paying less attention to how a design is formed. Therefore, this study proposes an approach to tracking and replaying the BIM-based design process by integrating data logging and 4D visualization techniques. First of all, potential design behaviors and procedures are analyzed and extracted by observing how a designer designs a BIM model. Meanwhile, the required data for logging design process is defined and a relevant method to collect these data is developed based on the APIs of BIM software. Then, strategies on how to visualize different design procedures are designed and implemented via 4D visualization. Finally, a prototype system is developed based on Autodesk Revit and validated through a case study. Result shows that the proposed approach enables intuitively and interactively review of the design process, and makes it easier to understand design behaviors and even identify potential pitfalls, thus improving the design efficiency and quality.

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The authors are grateful for the financial support of the University-Industry Collaborative Education Program (Grant No. 202102113020).

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