摘要

数字化转型背景下，集成BIM的建筑机器人发展迅速，但建筑全生命周期管理仍受数据流断层制约。建筑机器人兼具现场感知与作业执行功能，能够以标准格式本地生成、存储数据，并按预设协议定时推送至管理平台。然而，目前跨阶段数据一致性与互操作性仍存在明显短板，且尚无成熟指标体系评估机器人数据与动态数据模型的适配互通水平；同时标准异构、数据源分散、数据质量参差、跨阶段关联性弱等问题进一步加剧了困境。本文通过梳理国际信息建模标准，归纳了 BIM 成熟度测评的分级、构成、应用及能力评价方法，构建了专用于建筑机器人数据互操作性的成熟度评价框架，可为工程从业者提升全生命周期 BIM 数据互通水平提供指导。

During the time of digital transformation, construction robotics that cooperate with BIM have developed rapidly. However the management of construction lifecycle is still limited by discontinuous data flows. Robots act simultaneously as on-site sensors and actuators, generating and consuming data that are stored locally in standard formats and periodically pushed to management platforms via predefined protocols. However, cross-stage consistency and interoperability remain largely unaddressed; yet no maturity metric exists to evaluate how well robotic data interoperates with evolving data model resources. Compounding the problem are heterogeneous standards, disparate data sources, uneven quality, and weak cross-phase correlation. This study therefore reviews international information modelling standards and summarizes BIM Maturity Measure methods including leveling, model composition, application, and capability evaluation, to propose a maturity framework that specifically measures data interoperability for construction robotics. The framework guides practitioners in enhancing BIM-based data interoperability across the full project lifecycle.

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This research is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2024YFC3809703) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52378306).

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